February 21 revised select a passage of a few lines we have already read from the iliad and do a close reading. Odysseus tells the group that they must return to the battle, even it is. The reconciliation that ends the first wrath of achilles and the actions that initiate the second both occur in book xix. Book 20 robert fagles translation analysis segue from previous book and to the next book in book 19, achilles is still grieving over the death of patroclus and still refuses to eat. After hes done helping the injured healer machaon, nestor steps out of the tent to see how the battles going. The story covered by the iliad begins nearly ten years into the seige of troy by the greek forces, led by agamemnon, king of mycenae. Line numbers that appear in the margin refer to the fagles text. Line numbers at the top of the page refer to the greek text.
Nestor meets with agamemnon, diomedes, and odysseus, who were all wounded in book eleven, to discuss what they might do now that. Pdf downloads of all 1297 litcharts literature guides, and of. The ends of the iliad and the beginnings of the polis. Books sixteen to twentytwo all quotations from the iliad are from the translation of richmond lattimore, university of chicago press, 1951like book nine, book sixteen marks a crucial turning point in the iliad. And because of book 2s length there are other narrative sections where similes are more densely concentrated. Please be sure to locate your excerpt for your reader, quoting sufficiently and indicating the book and lines from which they are taken. An analysis of books one, nine, sixteen, eighteen and twenty four from the iliad will help us bring more clarity to this assertion. The homeric poems the iliad and the odyssey are epic, because our concept of epic comes from homeric poems. The greek line breaks, and the trojans enter the greek camp.
The narrative begins nine years after the start of the war, as the achaeans sack a trojanallied town and capture two beautiful maidens, chryseis and briseis. The scene between hera and zeus in book 14 does little to advance the plot of the poem, as zeus has already departed the scene of battle and ceased to support the trojans. Combine paraphrase, summary, and quotation with your own interpretation, weaving quotations from the poem smoothly into your paper. Seeing defeat as inevitable, he proposes dishonorable survival, sailing away while part of his army still fights. Hera sends a mist to confuse and slow the retreat of the men going back towards the city. Homer, throughout the iliad, illustrates that although it can be difficult to reach, the rough road to compassion is noble and ultimately superior to the easier paths of anger and rage. Nestor is debating whether he should go join the battle himself, or whether he should go report to agamemnon. Zeus, happy with the wars progress, takes his leave of the battlefield. Homer wrote the iliad as an outside source in a third person omniscient perspective. The trojans protect their wounded hero and drag him back to the river xanthus where he vomits.
Themes and colors key litcharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in the iliad, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work. The iliad is one of the oldest epic poems that people know. He further introduces in the word rage one of the human qualities, along with pride and honor, that will make up a. When agamemnon refuses and threatens to ransom the girl to her father, the offended apollo plagues them with a.
Agamemnon fears they must sail home, but diomedes argues against such cowardice. Book 14 of the iliad starts with the achaean nestor finishing up his care for the injured machaon. What do you learn about greek gods and greek mythology in books 14 and 15. The greeks are on the verge of defeat, and they begin to retreat to their. Myth in homers odyssey myth in homers odyssey research papers look at the roll of myth in the odyssey by homer iliad and odyssey history ascribes the composition of both the iliad and the odyssey to one poet. The iliad book 18 summary and analysis book eighteen. First, a literary analysis from a moderately informed modern viewpoint.
Analysis at the beginning of book 14, top achaean commander agamemnon must once again be talked out of giving up and sailing away. The din of this battle supercedes the greatest sounds of nature. This points to the fact that troy was an extremely wealthy city and, therefore, would be able to pay a ransom to get back its prisoners of war. Consult the essay on the meaning of the shield of achilles by gregory nagy. When quoting lines and passages from the iliad, cite book and line numbers. Book 14 analysis homer itunes audio book mp4 mp3 mit ocw online education homework forum help.
Achilles follows the trojans into the river, hacking them to pieces with his sword. He soon encounters diomedes, odysseus, and agamemnon, and they discuss strategy. Nestor calms everyone and says its time to approach achilles. Find helpful summaries and analyses for every chapter in homers the iliad. When he gets there, he sees that the achaeans are losing.
Hectors ability to lead, for example, is prominent. Books 15 has anything about hectors behavior changed. Agamemnon fears losing and proposes sailing away while the army still fights. In book 14, the scene with hera and zeus does very little to move the plot of the poem forward. While achilleus still refuses to return to battle, his friend, patroklos, persuades him to let him fight in his place. Achilles singlehandedly splits the trojan forces, driving one half towards the city and one half into the river.
Summary the achaians are forced to take refuge behind their wall while the. Book i opens with the words, rage goddess, sing the rage of peleus son achilles. Odysseus contemptuously rejects the idea, and diomedes offers a better plan. In book 22, achilles demonstrates mindless rage as he d. The twentyfour books of the iliad incorporate a body of legend that may date back to the twelfth century b.
Book 1 book 2 book 3 book 4 book 5 book 6 book 7 book 8 book 9 book 10 book 11 book 12 book book 14 book 15 book 16 book 17 book 18 book 19 book 20 book 21 book 22 book 23 book 24. Hector strikes ajax but cannot pierce his armor and is hit by a rock in turn. Book 2 of homers iliad contains twenty similes, a large number. In book 1, achilles expressed various types of feelings. Apollos priest chryses comes to the achaian camp and asks to ransom back his daughter chryseis, who has been captured. Agamemnon proposes that they drag the ships into the sea and sail away under cover of darkness. View a map of the most frequently mentioned places in this document. The iliad and what it can still tell us about war books. At every setback he thinks zeus has abandoned his promise of victory.
This resource contains a sample mla paper that adheres to the 2016 updates. Homer invokes the muse goddess of epic poetry to aid him in telling the story of achilles anger and the great war for helen and troy. Homer, iliad, book 16, line 1 perseus digital library. Nestor leaves his hut to observe the battle and sees that the trojans have broken through the achaian wall. On a previous encounter, achilles captured lycaon and. He still has faith in zeuss promise of their victory. The following texts are the property of their respective authors and we thank them for giving us the opportunity to share for free to students, teachers and users of the web their texts will used only for illustrative educational and scientific purposes only.
The iliad begins with the poet calling on the muse to sing of the wrath of achilleus and its consequences. However, the same invocation also mentions the countless losses suffered as a result of the trojan war 1. Helped my son with his comprehensive final essay comparing the bean trees to the iliad and the book thief. The iliad free essay, term paper and book report the iliad by homer translated by robert fagles andy bolton february 23, 2006 the iliad is an epic attributed to being written by homer. If that sounds too circular, then just bear in mind that the iliad is an extremely long narrative poem, which deals with the heroic actions of mortals, gods, and demigods. Books 1617 why does achilles allow patroclus to go into battle wearing his armor. Nestor, resting back by the ships, hears the cries of battle and watches as the trojans seem to gain the upper hand. The greeks are quarrelling about whether or not to return chryseis, a trojan captive of king agamemnon, to her father, chryses, a priest of apollo. As the greatest warrior of this whole war, he felt strong, powerful, proud and all mighty because he always came back victorious from battles with his army. Book 14 of the iliad follows the story of nestor speaking to diomedes, odysseus and agamemnon about how the battle is going. Homers iliad with ovids metamorphoses v the story of homers iliad is considered to be the paradigmatic tale of heroic excellence. In homers, the iliad, book 1, the rage of achilles, one of the main concepts presented is the idea that the gods desire honor and glory. Iliad book 24 essaysin book 24, the scene between priam and achilleus, which may also be called the banquet, served as the climax of the poem.
Summary 1 the poet invokes a muse to aid him in telling the story of the rage of achilles, the greatest greek hero to fight in the trojan war. The iliad sparknotes literature guide volume 35 sparknotes literature guide series paperback february 4, 2014. Agamemnon offers great treasurethe return of briseis, future plunder, one of his daughters, and seven citiesto achilles if he will fight again and. Hearing the sounds of battle, nestor gathers the wounded achaean commanders. At the beginning of book 14, top achaean commander agamemnon must once again be talked out of giving up and sailing away. The iliad, taking place within a threeday period of the trojan war, tells the story of the wrath of. Nestor grabs his sons shield and heads out to the battle. Book xiv continues the great battle near the achaian ships but adds a new. The fighting continues in the morning, and agamemnon leads a charge. It is very evident that both achilles and agamemnon are in competition for more power and dominance. The shield of achilles discuss the symbolic meaning of the shield of achilles in the context of this book.
With the wounding of hector, the greeks become even more excited. You compare contrast characters prima iliad jupiter contrasting and comparing. Despite this, people still read and analyze this work. Homers iliad clst 181sk ancient greece and the origins of western culture final preliminaries. Homers epic poem the iliad tells the story of the trojan war and the epic heroes and gods. Sleep is another example of a god who is also a clear personification of a human action. Books 12 books 36 books 79 books 1012 books 15 books 1618 books 1922 books 2324 a note on line numbers. In book 21, achilles continues his killing spree and the. During this scene a series of events developed themselves to resolve some very important situations in the iliad achilleus was r. Homers epic poem the iliad tells the story of the trojan war and the epic heroes and gods, including achilles, hector, odysseus, athena, ares. Notes on book 14 from the iliad study guides, essays. The fact that zeus can be put to sleep makes him more like a human. Paris wounds diomedes, and odysseus is almost taken prisoner. It has both sexually provocative pictures and words, one of the few references in the iliad.
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